The Erasmus Bridge is an important landmark of the Dutch port city, stretching over the Meuse River and becoming a significant transport hub.
Video camera footage shows one tram crashing into the rear of another, with debris scattering in all directions upon impact, damaging both vehicles.
An AFP news agency reporter at the scene recorded extensive damage to both trams – bent metal and shattered glass were visible.
Officials cordoned off the scene, and the bridge was closed to all traffic in both directions.
Numerous rescue forces rushed to the scene to evacuate the injured, using stretchers and wheelchairs.
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Rotterdam officials initially reported 18 injured, but later, according to national broadcaster NOS, revised the number to 15. A seriously injured person was taken to the hospital.
“We have seen the videos and are deeply shocked,” said Rotterdam transport company RET, which operates the city’s trams.
“In cooperation with emergency services, we will make every effort to find out how this could have happened,” the company added in its statement.